‘The Eastern Front’ Review: The Battle Far From the Trenches
The German commander Erich Ludendorff observed in 1917 that “war used to end by defeating the enemy’s army, now war ends by ...
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Germany and the Camp System
The military leadership—specifically Field Marshals Paul von Hindenburg and Erich Ludendorff—convinced the German civilian government to sue for peace in the fall of 1918. An interpretive ...
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WW1: What caused Verdun to be the longest battle of the war?
Falkenhayn's successors, Paul von Hindenburg and Erich Ludendorff, upheld the decision to suspend attacks at Verdun, but Germany defended its new positions there. It would be another four months ...